Slobodna Dalmacija - Smrtonosna i vrlo otporna gljivica širi se bolnicama alarmantnom brzinom: brojni slučajevi zabilježeni i u susjedstvu

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Smrtonosna infekcija Candidom auris koju je teško liječiti i dalje se širi alarmantnom brzinom, navodi američki Centar za kontrolu i prevenciju bolesti (CDC). Napominju da zdravi ljudi nisu u opasnosti, već Candida auris prijeti onima slabijeg imunološkog sustava te osobama koje koriste respiratore i katetere. Na oprezu posebno moraju biti i korisnici domova za starije i nemoćne. Rizik od dobivanja infekcije također je veći ako pijete često puno antibiotika, jer ti lijekovi također uništavaju dobre bakterije koje sprječavaju C. auris da uđe u tijelo.

- Jedan od tri pacijenta s ovom invazivnom infekcijom umire, ali je teško procijeniti koju ulogu u smrtnosti kod ranjivih pacijenata igra zaraza Candidom auris - rekla je dr. Meghan Lyman, glavna autorica izvješća.

Stručnjaci CDC-a upozoravaju da povećanje broja zaraženih pokazuje da se sprječavanju širenja gljivične infekcije mora pristupiti ozbiljno i sveobuhvatno. CDC navodi kako se njezino širenje može zaustaviti pomoću pojačanog nadzora, higijene i dubinskog čišćenja s ispravnim dezinfekcijskim sredstvima. Candida auris zadržava se na raznim površinama i širi preko kontakta s oboljelima i kontaminiranim predmetima. Gljivica je otkrivena prije petnaestak godina, a već se svrstala među najgore bolničke mikrobe. Ako uđe u tijelo može utjecati na krvotok, živčani sustav i nekoliko unutarnjih organa.

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Prvi je put otkrivena u ušnom kanalu pacijenta u tokijskoj Metropolitanskoj gerijatrijskoj bolnici 2009. godine, po čemu je i dobila ime (auris je na latinskom uho).

"Najveći problem s ovom gljivicom je njezina otpornost na lijekove koje imamo", navela je dr. Tina Joshi, izvanredna profesorica molekularne biologije na Sveučilištu Plymouth u Velikoj Britaniji za BBC. Također je istaknula da je veliki problem što je infekciju C. auris vrlo teško prepoznati i lako se može zamijeniti s drugim gljivicama, što dovodi do krive terapije.

Statistički podaci iz prethodnih godina pokazuju povećane stope oboljelih iz godine u godinu.

Prema podacima Centara za kontrolu i prevenciju bolesti - infekcija ovom gljivicom je 2019., bilo 476, a 2021. godine 1471. Broj osoba koje su gljivice samo nosile, u istom se periodu gotovo učetverostručio - s 1077 na 4040, a preliminarni podaci sugeriraju da je broj zaraženih i prošle godine nastavio rasti. Prema priopćenju CDC-a od 20. ožujka, Candida auris detektirana je u više od pola američkih saveznih država, a u 17 se između 2019., i 2021., pojavila prvi put.

Zaraza je detektirana u 30 zemalja svijeta, a većina slučajeva oboljelih uočena je u bolnicama za dugotrajnu bolničku njegu. Među europskim zemljama, po povećanoj zarazi posebno se ističe Španjolska. U susjednoj Italiji gljivica je 2019. godine prvi put pronađena kod osobe koja nije nikamo putovala, niti bila u bolnici. Zaraza ovom gljivicom evidentirana je i u Njemačkoj, Francuskoj, Belgiji, Norveškoj, Austriji, Grčkoj, Poljskoj... Na području cijele Europe do 2021. godine, ne računajući Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo, evidentirano je 1812 slučajeva oboljelih.

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Posebno je zabrinjavajuće što se pokazalo da je ova gljivica otporna na većinu standardnih lijekova protiv gljivica.

„Neki sojevi su otporni na sve lijekove koje imamo na raspolaganju, objasnio je BBC-jev dopisnik za zdravstvo James Gallagher.

"Ako gljivice uđu u bolnicu, jako ih je teško kontrolirati i istjerati", rekao je William Schaffner, profesor medicine na Odjelu za zarazne bolesti Bolničkog centra Sveučilišta Vanderbilt. "Otporne su, skrivene i mogu se oduprijeti našim naporima da ih se kontrolira i istrijebi", dodao je profesor Schaffner.

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Candida auris

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Smrtonosna infekcija Candidom auris koju je teško liječiti i dalje se širi alarmantnom brzinom, navodi američki Centar za kontrolu i prevenciju bolesti (CDC). Napominju da zdravi ljudi nisu u opasnosti, već Candida auris prijeti onima slabijeg imunološkog sustava te osobama koje koriste respiratore i katetere. Na oprezu posebno moraju biti i korisnici domova za starije i nemoćne. Rizik od dobivanja infekcije također je veći ako pijete često puno antibiotika, jer ti lijekovi također uništavaju dobre bakterije koje sprječavaju C. auris da uđe u tijelo.

- Jedan od tri pacijenta s ovom invazivnom infekcijom umire, ali je teško procijeniti koju ulogu u smrtnosti kod ranjivih pacijenata igra zaraza Candidom auris - rekla je dr. Meghan Lyman, glavna autorica izvješća.

Stručnjaci CDC-a upozoravaju da povećanje broja zaraženih pokazuje da se sprječavanju širenja gljivične infekcije mora pristupiti ozbiljno i sveobuhvatno. CDC navodi kako se njezino širenje može zaustaviti pomoću pojačanog nadzora, higijene i dubinskog čišćenja s ispravnim dezinfekcijskim sredstvima. Candida auris zadržava se na raznim površinama i širi preko kontakta s oboljelima i kontaminiranim predmetima. Gljivica je otkrivena prije petnaestak godina, a već se svrstala među najgore bolničke mikrobe. Ako uđe u tijelo može utjecati na krvotok, živčani sustav i nekoliko unutarnjih organa.

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Prvi je put otkrivena u ušnom kanalu pacijenta u tokijskoj Metropolitanskoj gerijatrijskoj bolnici 2009. godine, po čemu je i dobila ime (auris je na latinskom uho).

"Najveći problem s ovom gljivicom je njezina otpornost na lijekove koje imamo", navela je dr. Tina Joshi, izvanredna profesorica molekularne biologije na Sveučilištu Plymouth u Velikoj Britaniji za BBC. Također je istaknula da je veliki problem što je infekciju C. auris vrlo teško prepoznati i lako se može zamijeniti s drugim gljivicama, što dovodi do krive terapije.

Statistički podaci iz prethodnih godina pokazuju povećane stope oboljelih iz godine u godinu.

Prema podacima Centara za kontrolu i prevenciju bolesti - infekcija ovom gljivicom je 2019., bilo 476, a 2021. godine 1471. Broj osoba koje su gljivice samo nosile, u istom se periodu gotovo učetverostručio - s 1077 na 4040, a preliminarni podaci sugeriraju da je broj zaraženih i prošle godine nastavio rasti. Prema priopćenju CDC-a od 20. ožujka, Candida auris detektirana je u više od pola američkih saveznih država, a u 17 se između 2019., i 2021., pojavila prvi put.

Zaraza je detektirana u 30 zemalja svijeta, a većina slučajeva oboljelih uočena je u bolnicama za dugotrajnu bolničku njegu. Među europskim zemljama, po povećanoj zarazi posebno se ističe Španjolska. U susjednoj Italiji gljivica je 2019. godine prvi put pronađena kod osobe koja nije nikamo putovala, niti bila u bolnici. Zaraza ovom gljivicom evidentirana je i u Njemačkoj, Francuskoj, Belgiji, Norveškoj, Austriji, Grčkoj, Poljskoj... Na području cijele Europe do 2021. godine, ne računajući Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo, evidentirano je 1812 slučajeva oboljelih.

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Posebno je zabrinjavajuće što se pokazalo da je ova gljivica otporna na većinu standardnih lijekova protiv gljivica.

„Neki sojevi su otporni na sve lijekove koje imamo na raspolaganju, objasnio je BBC-jev dopisnik za zdravstvo James Gallagher.

"Ako gljivice uđu u bolnicu, jako ih je teško kontrolirati i istjerati", rekao je William Schaffner, profesor medicine na Odjelu za zarazne bolesti Bolničkog centra Sveučilišta Vanderbilt. "Otporne su, skrivene i mogu se oduprijeti našim naporima da ih se kontrolira i istrijebi", dodao je profesor Schaffner.

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Cavallini James/Bsip Via Afp

Kateryna Kon/science Photo Libra/Science Photo Library Via Afp

Nicolas Armer/Dpa Picture-alliance Via Afp

Nicolas Armer/Dpa Picture-alliance Via Afp

Nicolas Armer/Dpa Picture-alliance Via Afp

Cavallini James/Bsip Via Afp
Candida auris

Kateryna Kon/science Photo Libra/Science Photo Library Via Afp

Nicolas Armer/Dpa Picture-alliance Via Afp

Nicolas Armer/Dpa Picture-alliance Via Afp

Nicolas Armer/Dpa Picture-alliance Via Afp

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