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Priroda upozorava kada se prema njoj ponaša neodgovorno i ljudima će život zbog pohlepe biti sve teži. Jedan od primjera je neumjerena sječa šuma, nakon čega dolazi do erozije tla u kome se otvaraju ogromne jame, jaruge, provalije i vododerine u kojima nestaju čitava naselja. Najveći problemi zabilježeni su u Južnoj Americi i Africi, javlja BBC.
Buriticupu je općina u Brazilu osnovana 1994. godine. 2020. imala je 73 tisuće stanovnika. Područje je pretrpjelo značajnu eroziju tla gdje se otvorilo o 30 jama, od kojih je jedna duboka 80 metara.
Takve jame se na autohtonom Tupi-Guarani jeziku nazivaju "voçoroca" ili "istrgnuta zemlja". Najmanje 50 kuća uništeno je a mnogi su stanovnici napustili svoje domove. Područje, dio amazonske prašume, nekada je bilo prekriveno drvećem, poput cedra i bagrema.
Ostali bez prirodne brane
Eroziju tla potiču kiše i otpadne vode, a prirodne brane, stabala, više nema.
Bivši policajac Jose Silveira zamalo je poginuo kada je upao u jamu duboku 80 metara. Izgubio se dok se vozio kući sa zabave lani u svibnju, noću.
- Pomislio sam na svog najmlađeg sina. Beba je dan ranije napunila četiri mjeseca. Molio sam Boga da me spasi kako bih mogao odgajati svog sinčića - rekao je poručnik Silveira.
Izgubio je svijest i probudio se na dnu provalije tri sata kasnije. Nakon komplicirane operacije koja mu je spasila život i višemjesečnog oporavka sada može hodati bez štaka.
‘Raskolit će se na dva dijela‘
Njegovo iskustvo zoran je primjer s kakvim se rizicima suočavaju stanovnici grada koji će se raskoliti na dva dijela, kako misli Edilea Dutra Pereira, geologinja i profesorica na Federalnom sveučilištu Maranhao.
Pereira i drugi stručnjaci kažu da se postojeće vododerine sada brže šire i strahuju da će se otvoriti nove zbog klimatskih promjena.
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A na mjestima gdje se gradovi šire bez pažljivog planiranja i infrastrukture rizik raste.
Brazil je najteže pogođena zemlja Latinske Amerike, no isti problem imaju i Meksiko, Kolumbija, Ekvador i Argentina.
Pogođene su i zemlje u Africi poput Angole, Demokratske Republike Konga i Nigerije - gdje su neke jaruge dugačke više od dva kilometra.
Kuća Marise Cardoso Freira nalazi se na rubu klanca i lokalna Civilna zaštita ju je u svibnju 2023. proglasila "visokorizičnom".
Zajedno sa još 100 obitelji morala je napustiti svoj dom i preseliti se u drugi dio grada Buriticupua.
Budući da ima i autistično dijete, boji se jama i s mužem je zaključila da je najbolje zauvijek odseliti.
Kako se ovo dogodilo?
Devedesetih godina prošlog stoljeća ovdje je cvjetala drvna industrija. Danonoćno je radilo više od 50 pilana. Dvadeset godina kasnije, većina prirodne vegetacije je nestala.
"Pitanje vegetacije je od ključne važnosti, jer tijekom obilnih oborina smanjuje učinak kišnih kapi", objašnjava profesorica Pereira.
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Kad nema dovoljno biljaka i drveća da upije kišu, kapi razgrađuju čestice tla i voda se skuplja na površini, a potom podriva tlo.
Glavni grad Demokratske Republike Kongo, Kinshasa, ima stotine jaruga. U gradu s 12 milijuna stanovnika nalazi se više od 165 kilometara vododerina.
60 poginulih u jednoj noći
U samo jednoj noći jake kiše u Kinshasi u prosincu 2022. godine 60 ljudi poginulo je kada su im domovi pali u provaliju.
Aleksandar Kadada je bio tu.
"Sve se dogodilo u roku od 30-40 minuta. Jaruga se počela otvarati i sve te kuće su se srušile. Naselje je postalo neprepoznatljivo", kaže.
"Sve moje stvari, moja kuća, sve je nestalo. Spasio sam samo djecu i ženu".
Kadadina djeca sada se užasavaju i najmanjeg nagovještaja lošeg vremena. Među stradalima je njegova susjeda s četvero djece. Suprug joj je ostao invalid.
Inače, očekuje se da će stanovništvo Kinshase narasti na 20 milijuna prije 2030. i na 35 milijuna prije 2050., čineći je najvećim megagradom u Africi, prema podacima Svjetske banke.
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Nekontrolirani urbani razvoj može značiti novu sječu šuma - prirodnih prepreka eroziji - i ilegalno naseljavanje potencijalno nestabilnih područja.
Neki ugroženi stanovnici pokušavaju sadnjom bambusa usporiti eroziju.
Ali, potrebni su mnogo ozbiljniji zahvati.
Gradovi moraju izgraditi odgovarajuće sustave odvodnje, kako bi se voda preusmjerila dalje od područja u kojima se otvaraju jaruge.
Ali takvi su programi skupi u gradovima gdje su proračuni ograničeni.
Vlada još razmatra hoće li odobriti novac gradu Buriticupu.
Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša kaže da ima program, ali trenutno ne radi ništa.
"U pitanju su složeni radovi, radovi koji traže ogromne resurse", kažu. A nove provalije se otvaraju.
---
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title=Znanstvenici zaprepašteni: otvaraju se ogromne rupe diljem svijeta, gutaju sela! Policajac: Molio sam Boga da me spasi..
page_title=Znanstvenici zaprepašteni: otvaraju se ogromne rupe diljem svijeta, gutaju sela! Policajac: Molio sam Boga da me spasi..
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Priroda upozorava kada se prema njoj ponaša neodgovorno i ljudima će život zbog pohlepe biti sve teži. Jedan od primjera je neumjerena sječa šuma, nakon čega dolazi do erozije tla u kome se otvaraju ogromne jame, jaruge, provalije i vododerine u kojima nestaju čitava naselja. Najveći problemi zabilježeni su u Južnoj Americi i Africi, javlja BBC.
Buriticupu je općina u Brazilu osnovana 1994. godine. 2020. imala je 73 tisuće stanovnika. Područje je pretrpjelo značajnu eroziju tla gdje se otvorilo o 30 jama, od kojih je jedna duboka 80 metara.
Takve jame se na autohtonom Tupi-Guarani jeziku nazivaju "voçoroca" ili "istrgnuta zemlja". Najmanje 50 kuća uništeno je a mnogi su stanovnici napustili svoje domove. Područje, dio amazonske prašume, nekada je bilo prekriveno drvećem, poput cedra i bagrema.
Ostali bez prirodne brane
Eroziju tla potiču kiše i otpadne vode, a prirodne brane, stabala, više nema.
Bivši policajac Jose Silveira zamalo je poginuo kada je upao u jamu duboku 80 metara. Izgubio se dok se vozio kući sa zabave lani u svibnju, noću.
- Pomislio sam na svog najmlađeg sina. Beba je dan ranije napunila četiri mjeseca. Molio sam Boga da me spasi kako bih mogao odgajati svog sinčića - rekao je poručnik Silveira.
Izgubio je svijest i probudio se na dnu provalije tri sata kasnije. Nakon komplicirane operacije koja mu je spasila život i višemjesečnog oporavka sada može hodati bez štaka.
‘Raskolit će se na dva dijela‘
Njegovo iskustvo zoran je primjer s kakvim se rizicima suočavaju stanovnici grada koji će se raskoliti na dva dijela, kako misli Edilea Dutra Pereira, geologinja i profesorica na Federalnom sveučilištu Maranhao.
Pereira i drugi stručnjaci kažu da se postojeće vododerine sada brže šire i strahuju da će se otvoriti nove zbog klimatskih promjena.
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A na mjestima gdje se gradovi šire bez pažljivog planiranja i infrastrukture rizik raste.
Brazil je najteže pogođena zemlja Latinske Amerike, no isti problem imaju i Meksiko, Kolumbija, Ekvador i Argentina.
Pogođene su i zemlje u Africi poput Angole, Demokratske Republike Konga i Nigerije - gdje su neke jaruge dugačke više od dva kilometra.
Kuća Marise Cardoso Freira nalazi se na rubu klanca i lokalna Civilna zaštita ju je u svibnju 2023. proglasila "visokorizičnom".
Zajedno sa još 100 obitelji morala je napustiti svoj dom i preseliti se u drugi dio grada Buriticupua.
Budući da ima i autistično dijete, boji se jama i s mužem je zaključila da je najbolje zauvijek odseliti.
Kako se ovo dogodilo?
Devedesetih godina prošlog stoljeća ovdje je cvjetala drvna industrija. Danonoćno je radilo više od 50 pilana. Dvadeset godina kasnije, većina prirodne vegetacije je nestala.
"Pitanje vegetacije je od ključne važnosti, jer tijekom obilnih oborina smanjuje učinak kišnih kapi", objašnjava profesorica Pereira.
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Kad nema dovoljno biljaka i drveća da upije kišu, kapi razgrađuju čestice tla i voda se skuplja na površini, a potom podriva tlo.
Glavni grad Demokratske Republike Kongo, Kinshasa, ima stotine jaruga. U gradu s 12 milijuna stanovnika nalazi se više od 165 kilometara vododerina.
60 poginulih u jednoj noći
U samo jednoj noći jake kiše u Kinshasi u prosincu 2022. godine 60 ljudi poginulo je kada su im domovi pali u provaliju.
Aleksandar Kadada je bio tu.
"Sve se dogodilo u roku od 30-40 minuta. Jaruga se počela otvarati i sve te kuće su se srušile. Naselje je postalo neprepoznatljivo", kaže.
"Sve moje stvari, moja kuća, sve je nestalo. Spasio sam samo djecu i ženu".
Kadadina djeca sada se užasavaju i najmanjeg nagovještaja lošeg vremena. Među stradalima je njegova susjeda s četvero djece. Suprug joj je ostao invalid.
Inače, očekuje se da će stanovništvo Kinshase narasti na 20 milijuna prije 2030. i na 35 milijuna prije 2050., čineći je najvećim megagradom u Africi, prema podacima Svjetske banke.
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Nekontrolirani urbani razvoj može značiti novu sječu šuma - prirodnih prepreka eroziji - i ilegalno naseljavanje potencijalno nestabilnih područja.
Neki ugroženi stanovnici pokušavaju sadnjom bambusa usporiti eroziju.
Ali, potrebni su mnogo ozbiljniji zahvati.
Gradovi moraju izgraditi odgovarajuće sustave odvodnje, kako bi se voda preusmjerila dalje od područja u kojima se otvaraju jaruge.
Ali takvi su programi skupi u gradovima gdje su proračuni ograničeni.
Vlada još razmatra hoće li odobriti novac gradu Buriticupu.
Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša kaže da ima program, ali trenutno ne radi ništa.
"U pitanju su složeni radovi, radovi koji traže ogromne resurse", kažu. A nove provalije se otvaraju.
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Nelson Almeida/Afp
Isaias Neres Cardoso Aguiar pokazuje na jarugu koja se otvorila pored njegove kućeu brazilskom Buriticupu
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Gradonačelnik Joao Carlos Teixeira da Silva pokazuje na stravičnu eroziju
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[name] => S preporučuje
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 29
[alias] => s_preporucuje
)
[28] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 92
[name] => S voli
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 30
[alias] => s_voli
)
[29] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 93
[name] => Layout with three photos
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 31
[alias] => layout_with_three_photos
)
[30] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 94
[name] => Gallery in the article
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 32
[alias] => gallery_in_the_article
)
[31] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 95
[name] => Required views
[value] => 0
[type] => textfield
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 33
[alias] => required_views
)
[32] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 96
[name] => FullHD image
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 34
[alias] => fullhd_image
)
[33] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 97
[name] => City Select
[value] => (0)
[type] => select
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 35
[alias] => CitySelect
)
[34] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 98
[name] => Paid Article
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 36
[alias] => paid_article
)
[35] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 99
[name] => SD na licu mjesta
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 37
[alias] => SD_na_licu_mjesta
)
[36] => stdClass Object
(
[id] => 100
[name] => Important article
[value] => OFF
[type] => radio
[group] => 9
[published] => 1
[ordering] => 38
[alias] => Important_article
)
)
18. svibanj 2024 20:47
