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[title] => Znanstvenici stali u obranu hobotnica: Komercijalni uzgoj treba zabraniti, to su inteligentna bića koja misle i osjećaju
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Nadživjele su dinosaure, razmišljaju krakovima, emotivne su i mogu naučiti gotovo sve što im se pokaže. Vijest o otvaranju prve farme hobotnica potaknula je nedavno prosvjede diljem svijeta.
Više od 75 svjetskih organizacija za zaštitu i prava životinja prošle je nedjelje u brojnim svjetskim gradovima prosvjedovalo protiv otvaranja prve svjetske farme hobotnica u Španjolskoj.
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Zgroženi su i znanstvenici koji poručuju da se ova bića ne bi smjela komercijalno uzgajati za hranu. Tim stručnjaka proučio je više od 300 znanstvenih studija koje potvrđuju da hobotnice pokazuju emocije, od radosti i uzbuđenja do tuge i boli.
To potvrđuje također instruktor ronjenja i istraživač Velimir Vrzić koji je jednom zgodom svjedočio čudesnom prizoru - ugledao je vršu s četiri zarobljene hobotnice dok je peta bila slobodna i dvama krakovima se dodirivala s jednom unutra.
"Taj dirljivi prizor dokaz je njihove inteligencije", drži.
Ova nevjerojatno prilagodljiva bića uspjela su preživjeti stotinama milijuna godina u oceanima punim predatora.
Njihove prilagodbe na okolinu hitrije su nego u bilo koje druge životinje, promjena kamuflaže događa se brže od najbržeg treptaja oka. U sat vremena jedan je istraživač izbrojao čak 177 prilagodbi.
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"Dimenzije i građa mozga hobotnice relativno sliče ljudskom", kaže Marko Miliša, izvanredni profesor na PMF-u u Zagrebu, koji studente poučava o beskralježnjacima.
Međutim, cijelo hobotničino tijelo isprepleteno je neuronima i većina ih se nalazi u krakovima, ne u mozgu.
Krakovima razmišlja, njima osjeća okus i miris pa je sposobna iznimno brzo analizirati okolicu i shodno tome munjevito reagirati. Znanstvenici vjeruju da za gledanje ne koristi samo oči već cijelu kožu.
Iako uglavnom živi samo godinu-dvije, može se podičiti sposobnošću planiranja. Poput sisavaca, primjerice, plijen zna spremiti za poslije.
"Vrlo je zagonetno kako i kada je to naučila", rekao je Hini Miliša koji smatra da takvo ponašanje hobotnicama nije urođeno.
Hranu ponekad skriva u ljuske ili rupe koje zatvara kamenjem. Donedavno se mislilo da takva ponašanja mogu demonstrirati samo ljudi, neki primati i određene vrste ptica.
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Zna, osim toga, odvrnuti čep na boci ili otvoriti kutiju kako bi došla do hrane. Izvrsna je također u testovima memorije. Može raspoznati različite ljude, čak kada su jednako odjeveni.
Zaigrane su i vrlo znatiželjne, no nisu društvene pa je nejasno zašto i kako im se inteligencija toliko razvila. Stručnjaci smatraju da upravo socijalizacija potiče njezin razvoj. Proučavajući hobotnice, čini se da je u tom pogledu ipak presudna borba za preživljavanje.
"Njihova inteligencija usporediva je s onom u kitova. Teško da bi našli organizam, pogotovo u beskralježnjaka, koji je sličniji našoj vrsti", navodi Miliša.
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Hobotnica u svom prirodnom staništu
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Hobotnica je inteligentnija nego smo mislili
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Nadživjele su dinosaure, razmišljaju krakovima, emotivne su i mogu naučiti gotovo sve što im se pokaže. Vijest o otvaranju prve farme hobotnica potaknula je nedavno prosvjede diljem svijeta.
Više od 75 svjetskih organizacija za zaštitu i prava životinja prošle je nedjelje u brojnim svjetskim gradovima prosvjedovalo protiv otvaranja prve svjetske farme hobotnica u Španjolskoj.
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Zgroženi su i znanstvenici koji poručuju da se ova bića ne bi smjela komercijalno uzgajati za hranu. Tim stručnjaka proučio je više od 300 znanstvenih studija koje potvrđuju da hobotnice pokazuju emocije, od radosti i uzbuđenja do tuge i boli.
To potvrđuje također instruktor ronjenja i istraživač Velimir Vrzić koji je jednom zgodom svjedočio čudesnom prizoru - ugledao je vršu s četiri zarobljene hobotnice dok je peta bila slobodna i dvama krakovima se dodirivala s jednom unutra.
"Taj dirljivi prizor dokaz je njihove inteligencije", drži.
Ova nevjerojatno prilagodljiva bića uspjela su preživjeti stotinama milijuna godina u oceanima punim predatora.
Njihove prilagodbe na okolinu hitrije su nego u bilo koje druge životinje, promjena kamuflaže događa se brže od najbržeg treptaja oka. U sat vremena jedan je istraživač izbrojao čak 177 prilagodbi.
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"Dimenzije i građa mozga hobotnice relativno sliče ljudskom", kaže Marko Miliša, izvanredni profesor na PMF-u u Zagrebu, koji studente poučava o beskralježnjacima.
Međutim, cijelo hobotničino tijelo isprepleteno je neuronima i većina ih se nalazi u krakovima, ne u mozgu.
Krakovima razmišlja, njima osjeća okus i miris pa je sposobna iznimno brzo analizirati okolicu i shodno tome munjevito reagirati. Znanstvenici vjeruju da za gledanje ne koristi samo oči već cijelu kožu.
Iako uglavnom živi samo godinu-dvije, može se podičiti sposobnošću planiranja. Poput sisavaca, primjerice, plijen zna spremiti za poslije.
"Vrlo je zagonetno kako i kada je to naučila", rekao je Hini Miliša koji smatra da takvo ponašanje hobotnicama nije urođeno.
Hranu ponekad skriva u ljuske ili rupe koje zatvara kamenjem. Donedavno se mislilo da takva ponašanja mogu demonstrirati samo ljudi, neki primati i određene vrste ptica.
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Zna, osim toga, odvrnuti čep na boci ili otvoriti kutiju kako bi došla do hrane. Izvrsna je također u testovima memorije. Može raspoznati različite ljude, čak kada su jednako odjeveni.
Zaigrane su i vrlo znatiželjne, no nisu društvene pa je nejasno zašto i kako im se inteligencija toliko razvila. Stručnjaci smatraju da upravo socijalizacija potiče njezin razvoj. Proučavajući hobotnice, čini se da je u tom pogledu ipak presudna borba za preživljavanje.
"Njihova inteligencija usporediva je s onom u kitova. Teško da bi našli organizam, pogotovo u beskralježnjaka, koji je sličniji našoj vrsti", navodi Miliša.
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18. svibanj 2024 18:01
