SD Dojavi Slobodna Dalmacija
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Nakon havarije francuskog broda Bourbon Rhode, kojim je zapovijedao hrvatski kapetan Dino Miškić iz Šibenika, mnogi su postavili pitanje kako se može dogoditi da, unatoč naprednoj tehnologiji i mreži satelita koji pokrivaju najveći dio zemaljske kugle, potraga za tegljačem i 14 članova posade bude tek djelomično uspješna.

Valja znati kako u situacijama pogibelji brodovi koji su izvan dometa VHF-a alarmiraju službe spašavanja preko EPIRB (Emergency Position Indicator Radio Beacon) uređaja koji su dio sustava Global Maritime Distress and Safety (GMDSS).

Riječ je o radioindikatorima pozicije u slučaju opasnosti koji moraju biti na svim komercijalnim plovilima, ribaricama i transatlantskim regatnim brodovima.

Ti su uređaji doduše skupi, ali u slučaju nevolje zlata vrijede. Istini za volju, EPIRB uređaji imaju svoja ograničenja, ali najčešće uspješno rade, o čemu najbolje govori službena statistika prema kojoj je od uspostave organizacije Cospas-Sarsat 1981. godine spašeno više od 43.000 života.

Dakle, EPIRB je prijenosni odašiljač na plutači koji radi na baterije i nalazi se u specijalnom kućištu ​HRU (Hydrostatic Release Unit) (mijenja se svake dvije godine) na brodu, zaštićenom od vanjskih utjecaja. Trajnost mu je 10 godina, a osnovna zadaća je poslati podatke o poziciji havarije prema satelitima u orbiti kako bi spasioci mogli doći unutar tzv. zlatnoga dana, odnosno prva 24 sata, kada većina brodolomaca još može biti spašena.

Razne vrste

Postoji nekoliko vrsta EPIRB-a, s time da stari analogni, što signale šalju samo na 121.5/243 MHz, nisu pouzdani i prikladni za satelitsko otkrivanje zbog problema s drugim signalima na istoj frekvenciji. Ta je tehnologija ukinuta u veljači 2009. i otada se rabe i službeno priznaju digitalni EPIRB uređaji. Takvi emitiraju signale na 406 MHz, ali uključuju i signal od 121.5 MHz koji se većinom koristi za navođenje.

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Neki EPIRB uređaji također imaju GNSS prijamnike kako bi spasiocima poslali točne koordinate unutar +/- 50 metara uz pomoć GPS-a ili europskih Galileo, odnosno ruskih Glonass satelita. Postoje također verzije EPIRB-a s AIS VHF frekvencijom koje šalju signale plovilima u krugu od 4 NM i oni ga vide na svojim AIS uređajima kao MOB (Man over board) alarm.

EPIRB uređaji Kategorije I aktiviraju se automatski u dodiru s vodom. Primjerice, kada brod tone, HRU kućište se radi tlaka na dubini od dva do četiri metra automatski otvara, pa EPIRB opremljen s antenom izlijeće na površinu i počinje slati kodirane (MMSI broj s 15, 22 ili 30 znamenki i GPS poziciju) kratke signale multinacionalnoj mreži Cospas-Sarsat Search and Rescue satelita (dvije su vrste Geosar i Leosar) svakih 50 sekundi.

Postoje također plovila s dva EPIRB odašiljača, od čega je onaj Kategorije I u HRU kućištu na brodu, a drugog Kategorije II posada nosi sa sobom na splav ili čamac za spašavanje, pa ga uključuju ručno.

Brojne informacije

Međutim, budući da se njihov signal primarno otkriva putem orbitalnih stanica, može doći do kašnjenja u otkrivanju jer u blizini nema satelita koji prolaze iznad i ne mogu ga registrirati.

Kada uhvate signal, sateliti ga šalju do zemaljskih baza (Local User Terminal), odatle se prosljeđuje do lokalnih Mission Control Centara (MCC) i SAR (Search and Rescue) postaja koje organiziraju potragu i spašavanje.

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Signali s 406 MHz EPIRB-a su kodirani i nude brojne vrijedne informacije kada je uređaj registriran u bazi podataka. Signal, naime, uključuje opis broda i broj članova posade, ime, broj telefona i adresu vlasnika, kao i podatke o kontakt-osobi na kopnu koja može pružiti dodatne informacije.

U prosjeku od aktivacije EPIRB signala s nekog broda u nevolji do pokretanja spašavanja prođu jedan ili dva sata, što bi ipak trebalo biti dovoljno za uspješnost akcije. Svakako valja kazati kako EPIRB emitira signale prema satelitima samo 48 sati, nakon čega se baterija prazni.

Osobni lokatori

Dodatna opcija za slanje 406 MHz signala za pomoć preko Cospas-Sarsat satelita su uređaji PLB (Personal Locator Beacon).

Za razliku od EPIRB-a koji su predviđeni za uporabu na moru, te registrirani na brod, PLB uređaji se rabe i na kopnu, te su registrirani na osobu. Uglavnom imaju i GPS, pa šalju točnu poziciju osobe u nevolji. PLB uređaji su manjih gabarita i ne aktiviraju se automatski nego manualno, s time da šalju signale prema orbitalnim stanicama samo 24 sata. Osim toga, neki od njih ne plutaju na vodi bez posebnog kućišta.

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Čitajte sve o jedrenju, đitama po Jadranu, brodovima na struju, brodskim motorima i popravku broda. Učimo vas kako održavati brod. 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EPIRB uređaj

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EPIRB uređaj

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Nakon havarije francuskog broda Bourbon Rhode, kojim je zapovijedao hrvatski kapetan Dino Miškić iz Šibenika, mnogi su postavili pitanje kako se može dogoditi da, unatoč naprednoj tehnologiji i mreži satelita koji pokrivaju najveći dio zemaljske kugle, potraga za tegljačem i 14 članova posade bude tek djelomično uspješna.

Valja znati kako u situacijama pogibelji brodovi koji su izvan dometa VHF-a alarmiraju službe spašavanja preko EPIRB (Emergency Position Indicator Radio Beacon) uređaja koji su dio sustava Global Maritime Distress and Safety (GMDSS).

Riječ je o radioindikatorima pozicije u slučaju opasnosti koji moraju biti na svim komercijalnim plovilima, ribaricama i transatlantskim regatnim brodovima.

Ti su uređaji doduše skupi, ali u slučaju nevolje zlata vrijede. Istini za volju, EPIRB uređaji imaju svoja ograničenja, ali najčešće uspješno rade, o čemu najbolje govori službena statistika prema kojoj je od uspostave organizacije Cospas-Sarsat 1981. godine spašeno više od 43.000 života.

Dakle, EPIRB je prijenosni odašiljač na plutači koji radi na baterije i nalazi se u specijalnom kućištu ​HRU (Hydrostatic Release Unit) (mijenja se svake dvije godine) na brodu, zaštićenom od vanjskih utjecaja. Trajnost mu je 10 godina, a osnovna zadaća je poslati podatke o poziciji havarije prema satelitima u orbiti kako bi spasioci mogli doći unutar tzv. zlatnoga dana, odnosno prva 24 sata, kada većina brodolomaca još može biti spašena.

Razne vrste

Postoji nekoliko vrsta EPIRB-a, s time da stari analogni, što signale šalju samo na 121.5/243 MHz, nisu pouzdani i prikladni za satelitsko otkrivanje zbog problema s drugim signalima na istoj frekvenciji. Ta je tehnologija ukinuta u veljači 2009. i otada se rabe i službeno priznaju digitalni EPIRB uređaji. Takvi emitiraju signale na 406 MHz, ali uključuju i signal od 121.5 MHz koji se većinom koristi za navođenje.

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Neki EPIRB uređaji također imaju GNSS prijamnike kako bi spasiocima poslali točne koordinate unutar +/- 50 metara uz pomoć GPS-a ili europskih Galileo, odnosno ruskih Glonass satelita. Postoje također verzije EPIRB-a s AIS VHF frekvencijom koje šalju signale plovilima u krugu od 4 NM i oni ga vide na svojim AIS uređajima kao MOB (Man over board) alarm.

EPIRB uređaji Kategorije I aktiviraju se automatski u dodiru s vodom. Primjerice, kada brod tone, HRU kućište se radi tlaka na dubini od dva do četiri metra automatski otvara, pa EPIRB opremljen s antenom izlijeće na površinu i počinje slati kodirane (MMSI broj s 15, 22 ili 30 znamenki i GPS poziciju) kratke signale multinacionalnoj mreži Cospas-Sarsat Search and Rescue satelita (dvije su vrste Geosar i Leosar) svakih 50 sekundi.

Postoje također plovila s dva EPIRB odašiljača, od čega je onaj Kategorije I u HRU kućištu na brodu, a drugog Kategorije II posada nosi sa sobom na splav ili čamac za spašavanje, pa ga uključuju ručno.

Brojne informacije

Međutim, budući da se njihov signal primarno otkriva putem orbitalnih stanica, može doći do kašnjenja u otkrivanju jer u blizini nema satelita koji prolaze iznad i ne mogu ga registrirati.

Kada uhvate signal, sateliti ga šalju do zemaljskih baza (Local User Terminal), odatle se prosljeđuje do lokalnih Mission Control Centara (MCC) i SAR (Search and Rescue) postaja koje organiziraju potragu i spašavanje.

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Signali s 406 MHz EPIRB-a su kodirani i nude brojne vrijedne informacije kada je uređaj registriran u bazi podataka. Signal, naime, uključuje opis broda i broj članova posade, ime, broj telefona i adresu vlasnika, kao i podatke o kontakt-osobi na kopnu koja može pružiti dodatne informacije.

U prosjeku od aktivacije EPIRB signala s nekog broda u nevolji do pokretanja spašavanja prođu jedan ili dva sata, što bi ipak trebalo biti dovoljno za uspješnost akcije. Svakako valja kazati kako EPIRB emitira signale prema satelitima samo 48 sati, nakon čega se baterija prazni.

Osobni lokatori

Dodatna opcija za slanje 406 MHz signala za pomoć preko Cospas-Sarsat satelita su uređaji PLB (Personal Locator Beacon).

Za razliku od EPIRB-a koji su predviđeni za uporabu na moru, te registrirani na brod, PLB uređaji se rabe i na kopnu, te su registrirani na osobu. Uglavnom imaju i GPS, pa šalju točnu poziciju osobe u nevolji. PLB uređaji su manjih gabarita i ne aktiviraju se automatski nego manualno, s time da šalju signale prema orbitalnim stanicama samo 24 sata. Osim toga, neki od njih ne plutaju na vodi bez posebnog kućišta.

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EPIRB uređaj
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lociranje pozicijeSpasonosni radiosignali: EPIRB uređaji najbolji su prijatelji pomoraca u nevolji, pojašnjavamo kako funkcioniraju

Piše Željko Simunić
27. srpnja 2022. - 14:50
&lt;p&gt;EPIRB uređaj&lt;/p&gt;
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Nakon havarije francuskog broda Bourbon Rhode, kojim je zapovijedao hrvatski kapetan Dino Miškić iz Šibenika, mnogi su postavili pitanje kako se može dogoditi da, unatoč naprednoj tehnologiji i mreži satelita koji pokrivaju najveći dio zemaljske kugle, potraga za tegljačem i 14 članova posade bude tek djelomično uspješna.

Valja znati kako u situacijama pogibelji brodovi koji su izvan dometa VHF-a alarmiraju službe spašavanja preko EPIRB (Emergency Position Indicator Radio Beacon) uređaja koji su dio sustava Global Maritime Distress and Safety (GMDSS).

Riječ je o radioindikatorima pozicije u slučaju opasnosti koji moraju biti na svim komercijalnim plovilima, ribaricama i transatlantskim regatnim brodovima.

Ti su uređaji doduše skupi, ali u slučaju nevolje zlata vrijede....

#EPIRB UREĐAJI#EPIRB#LOCIRANJE BRODA#POTRAGA ZA BRODOM#NESTALI BROD
19. svibanj 2024 14:28